Ngomhla we-30 kaNovemba, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yakhupha "iNkqubo-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-nkqubo we-Bio-based, i-Biodegradable and Compostable Plastics", ecacisa ngakumbi i-bio-based, i-biodegradable kunye ne-compostable plastics kwaye ichaza isidingo sokuqinisekisa imveliso yabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeMeko ezinombono omuhle. ifuthe kokusingqongileyo.
I-Bio-based
Kwi "biobased," eli gama kufuneka lisetyenziswe kuphela xa libonisa isabelo esichanekileyo kunye nesilinganisekayo somxholo weplastiki ye-biobased kwimveliso, ukuze abathengi bazi ukuba ingakanani i-biomass esetyenziswa ngokwenene kwimveliso.Ngaphaya koko, i-biomass esetyenziswayo kufuneka igcinwe ngokuzinzileyo kwaye ingabi yingozi kokusingqongileyo.Ezi plastiki kufuneka zifunyanwe ukuze zihlangabezane neendlela zokuzinza.Abavelisi kufuneka babeke phambili inkunkuma ephilayo kunye neemveliso eziphuma kwi-feedstock, ngaloo ndlela becutha ukusetyenziswa kwe-biomass yokuqala.Xa kusetyenziswa i-primary biomass, kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba igcineke ngokusingqongileyo kwaye ayibeki esichengeni i-biodiversity okanye impilo ye-ecosystem.
I-Biodegradable
Kwi "biodegradation", kufuneka kucace ukuba iimveliso ezinjalo akufanele zilahlwe, kwaye kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba imveliso ihlaziywe, phantsi kwaziphi iimeko kwaye phantsi kweyiphi imeko (efana nomhlaba, amanzi, njl.) biodegrade.Iimveliso ezinokuthi zibe nenkunkuma, kubandakanywa nezo zigutyungelwe kuMyalelo wePlastiki yokusetyenziswa kanye, azinakubanga okanye zibhalwe njengezinokonakala.
Iimulchi ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo ziyimizekelo emihle yezicelo ezifanelekileyo zeeplastiki ezinokubola kwindawo evulekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba ziqinisekisiwe kwimigangatho efanelekileyo.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iKomishoni iya kufuna uhlaziyo kwimigangatho ekhoyo yaseYurophu ukuze ithathele ingqalelo ngokukodwa umngcipheko wokonakala kwezinto eziseleyo zeplastiki kumhlaba ongena kwiinkqubo zamanzi.Kwezinye izicelo apho iiplastiki ezinokonakala ngebhayoloji zibonwa zifanelekile, njengeentambo zokurhuqa ezisetyenziswa kushishino lokuloba, iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ekukhuseleni imithi, iiklip zezityalo okanye iintambo zokucheba ingca, imigangatho yendlela yovavanyo emitsha kufuneka iphuhliswe.
Iiplastiki ezonakaliswa yi-Oxo ziyavalwa ngenxa yokuba aziboneleli ngezibonelelo ezingqiniweyo zokusingqongileyo, azinakonakala ngokupheleleyo, kwaye zinefuthe elibi ekwenziweni ngokutsha kweeplastiki zesiqhelo.
Ivundisiwe
“Iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo” lisebe leeplastiki ezinokubola.Kuphela iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo zemizi-mveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo kufuneka ziphawulwe njenge "compostable" (kukho kuphela imigangatho yokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso eYurophu, akukho migangatho yokwenziwa komgquba ekhaya).Ukupakishwa kwe-industrial compostable kufuneka kubonise indlela into eyalahlwa ngayo.Kwi-composting yasekhaya, kunzima ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-biodegradation yeeplastiki ezivundisiweyo.
Iinzuzo ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa iiplastiki ezivundisiweyo kwimizi-mveliso ngamazinga aphezulu okubanjwa kwe-biowaste kunye nokungcoliseka okusezantsi komgquba ngeeplastiki ezingonakali.Umgquba okumgangatho ophezulu ulungele ukusetyenziswa njengesichumiso esiphilayo kwezolimo kwaye awubi ngumthombo wongcoliseko lweplastiki emhlabeni namanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Iingxowa zeplastiki ezivundisiweyo kwimizi-mveliso yengqokelela eyahlukileyo ye-biowaste sisicelo esiluncedo.Iingxowa zinokunciphisa ungcoliseko lweplastiki ekuhlanganiseni umgquba, njengoko iingxowa zeplastiki zemveli, kubandakanywa nobutyobo obuhlala nasemva kokuba kuthatyathwe inyathelo lokuzisusa, yingxaki yongcoliseko kwinkqubo yokulahlwa kwe-biowaste esetyenziswa ngoku kwi-EU iphela.Ukusukela nge-31 kaDisemba, i-202, i-biowaste kufuneka iqokelelwe okanye iphinde isetyenziswe ngokwahlukileyo kwimvelaphi, kwaye amazwe afana ne-Italiya ne-Spain aye azisa iinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kwe-biowaste eyahlukileyo: iingxowa zeplastiki ezivundisiweyo zinciphise ukungcoliseka kwe-biowaste kunye nokwandisa i-biowaste yokubambisa.Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amazwe angamalungu okanye imimandla exhasa ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa ezinjalo, njengoko iindlela ezithile zokudibanisa ziyafuneka kwaye ukungcoliseka okunqamlezayo kwemijelo yenkunkuma kunokwenzeka.
Iiprojekthi ezixhaswa ngemali yi-EU sele zixhasa uphando kunye nezinto ezintsha ezinxulumene ne-bio-based, biodegradable kunye neeplastiki ezivundisiweyo.Iinjongo zijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo kwenkqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla nemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kwemveliso yokugqibela.
Ikomiti iya kukhuthaza uphando kunye nokuqaliswa kwezinto ezintsha ezijolise ekuyileni iiplastiki ezisekwe kwibhayoloji esetyhula ezikhuselekileyo, ezizinzileyo, ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ezinokurisayiklishwa nezinokonakala.Oku kuquka ukuvavanya iinzuzo zezicelo apho imathiriyeli esekwe kwibhayoloji kunye neemveliso zombini zinokonakala kwaye zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Umsebenzi omninzi uyafuneka ukuhlola ukucuthwa kokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kwi-bio-based plastics xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ezisekwe kwifosili, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubomi bonke kunye nokubanakho ukurisayikilishwa kaninzi.
Inkqubo ye-biodegradation kufuneka iphononongwe ngakumbi.Oku kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiplastiki ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuthotywa kwebhayoloji ngokukhuselekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukudluliselwa okunokwenzeka kwezinye iindawo, amaxesha amisiweyo okuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neempembelelo zexesha elide.Kukwabandakanya ukunciphisa nayiphi na imiphumo emibi, kubandakanywa iziphumo zexesha elide, zezongezo ezisetyenziswa kwi-biodegradable kunye neemveliso zeplastiki.Phakathi koluhlu lwezicelo ezinokuthi zingapakishwa kwiiplastiki ezivundisiweyo, iimveliso zococeko ezithathayo zifanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.Uphando luyafuneka ngokuziphatha kwabathengi kunye nokonakaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo njengento enokuba nefuthe kwindlela yokuziphatha yokulahla inkunkuma.
Injongo yesi sikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo kukuchonga nokuqonda ezi plastiki kunye nokukhokela uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo kwinqanaba le-EU, njengeemfuno ze-ecodesign kwiimveliso ezizinzileyo, i-taxonomy ye-EU yotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo, izikimu zenkxaso-mali kunye neengxoxo ezinxulumeneyo kwiiforamu zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-01-2022